What is Pyrolysis? A Definition of a Heat Treatment Techonology for Ener...

In this video we will explain the definition of this process, which is used to extract energy from waste.

The non-technical answer is that pyrolysis is known to all of us in its initial stages, because it is what we can see taking place, during cooking.

Frying, baking, toasting and roasting, are all, to a varying degree “pyrolysis”. But, good cooks don’t take pyrolysis to its final stage, which is the production of char. “Char” as in burnt food!

Now for the scientific definition!

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of a substance in a non-reactive atmosphere at high temperatures.

An external heat-source is applied to  maintain a temperature, which is typically in the range 300 to 850 Degrees Centigrade for Municipal Solid Waste, (which is also known as household and commercial waste).

The output from the pyrolysis process is a solid residue and a “synthetic” gas, which is known as Syngas.

Many people refer to the solid residue as char. The char from the pyrolysis of MSW is a combination of non-combustible materials from the MSW, and carbon.

The syngas is comprised of a number of gases which are either combustible or non-combustible.

These mixture of gases in syngas include: Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen, Methane, and, other Volatile Organic Carbon compounds.

Some of the condensed VOCs which result are oils, waxes, and tars. Once they have been cooled to normal temperatures.

Pyrolysis can be used to degrade fossil fuel based chemicals, but, for the purpose of this article we are solely referring to its use in the treatment of renewable organic matter.

The hydrogen and methane present are immediately available as a gas fuel.

Volatile Organic Carbon compounds in the syngas can also be cooled (if necessary), to result in a liquid fuel which, when the source is MSW, is usually classed as being a renewable fuel.

This is often referred to as anhydrous pyrolysis.

This being the heating of a solid organic material in the required temperature range, without oxygen.

There is a distinction between anhydrous pyrolysis and hydrous pyrolysis which occurs where steam is present.

The anhydrous pyrolysis of wood results in charcoal (char).

Did you ever watch a piece of coal, or wood, as it descends into the hottest part of a fire and burns?

As it heats up, there is a short period when it is often possible to see small gas jets pouring out of the recently added logs, lit by flame intermittently at first and then become red, and orange-flamed hot embers.

All the while, the volatile gaseous compounds in the coal or wood in any ordinary fire are pouring out of the wood and only once the flames have gone, does the wood come into contact with oxygen in the air, char is further burnt (oxidized) and, in an ordinary fire, where plenty of air is present, a powdery ash is produced.

Anhydrous pyrolysis is different, because there is, by definition, no air so, there is no oxygen present, with the result that so the remaining non-volatile carbon forms charcoal, and not ash.

Hydrous pyrolysis, using water can transform the waste matter into a liquid, with many similarities to a light crude oil.

There are companies that offer pyrolysis equipment that have developed their own “black box” pyrolysis systems, and some of those have optimized them by applying a vacuum to the process.

This lowers the boiling point, saving fuel, but also reducing or avoiding, some of the troublesome unwanted toxic chemical reactions.

Finally, before we end this video, there is a similar heat treatment process known as "Gasification". Gasification is also a heat treatment process.

It is essentially the same as pyrolysis except that a certain amount of oxygen is present during gasification to allow partial oxidation, producing “producer gas”:
Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen, Methane in quantity, depending on the gasification temperature of the process the quantity of gas produced which contains methane varies.

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6 House Clearance Chores a Rubbish Removal Company will Happily Do

House Clearance: 

A Rubbish Removal Company will happily do more than just House Clearance!
Good UK waste companies and skip waste operators just need to be asked and provide a quote first.

6 House Clearance Chores a Rubbish Removal Company Will Happily Do

Here is our list of 6 House Clearance Chores your local rubbish removal company will do for you.

Not many people realise that good local waste skip companies are often willing to quote you a price, for additional labour.

They’ll give prices, not just for providing a skip and collecting it later, but for doing a lot more than that!

Don’t be one of the many who lift loads beyond their capability,. Excessive lifting could mean suffering back-ache the next day, or even, cause a chronic back-pain problem.

Keep watching for our list of, 6 House Clearance Chores they can happily do for you.

1. Garage Clearance

De-cluttering garages and car-ports is often needed.

It’s a fact of life that we use our garages to store items when we are too busy to take to our local recycling centre.

Other items get put there when we are not sure we won’t need them again. Garage clutter accumulates.

There's no room for the car!

If it becomes too much to handle, call-in the garage rubbish removal experts from your local clearance service who will clear the space quickly and efficiently.

Number 2. Loft Clearance

Emptying loft spaces in houses is an obvious task for calling in rubbish removal contractors.

Many people put-off clearing their loft and the clutter grows, not to mention the cobwebs and layers of dust!

Just leave that loft ladder where it is and call your local house clearance contractor.

For older people lacking the agility to enter cramped loft spaces, and balance on narrow, wood joists etc., this service is a must!

Number 3. Builder’s Waste Clearance.

Although most good builders automatically remove and dispose of their building waste, not all of them do, and some simply forget!

On top of that, DIY building work can produce a surprisingly large quantity of unsightly rubbish.

It’s heavy. It’s dirty, and may contain sharp objects to be very wary of.

If you have builder's waste to clear, and you are not a rugged guy or gal with a six-pack to exercise, just call a clearance company.

Number 4. 4. Shed Demolition and Clearance

Have you got a garden shed full of junk that needs clearing?

Are you moving house? Or, does the shed need emptying before knocking it down!

Clearance companies can make short-work of all this!

Number 5. Garden Rubbish Clearance

Do you blitz your garden, rather than garden every week to keep the undergrowth at bay? If so, you’ll be familiar with the problem of filling your green bin in 10 minutes flat!

The solution is to get a quote for garden rubbish removal.

Finally, number, 6. Household Rubbish Clearance

House clearance and waste disposal service providers offer household rubbish clearance.

It's what they do most, and they can quote you for clearing single items, right up to full house clearances.

That's our list of 6 waste chores completed, but before you go, here is a reminder to act responsibly, look after the environment, and watch out for waste Law!

Not every waste contractor is honest about where they dispose of your rubbish, and illegal fly-tipping has risen recently.

Every individual in the UK has a legal responsibility to observe their waste "Duty of Care".

"You have a legal duty, to care about where your waste goes."

This law is to ensure that your waste isn't simply dumped (fly tipped) in a quiet lane or field near you.

Be aware that UK residents should always check that their waste contractor is a "registered waste carrier", by going to the link: bit.ly/noflytip which is also given below.

When on that "Public Register" page, you should simply copy your contractor's UK Waste Registered Carrier Number which you get from the waste company website, and paste it into the EA's website where it says "Quick Check".

When the database search comes back and shows you, your contractor's correct address, you are done!

But, it's also wise to follow the Wyre SCRAP Code, and do keep a record in case you are later questioned by the authorities.

We hope you found this useful, and if you did, please Share this video, and subscribe!
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How to Recycle Concrete Improve Materials Efficiency and Save Money.

The Value of Recycling Concrete

When frameworks constructed from concrete are demolished or remodelled, concrete reusing into brand-new concrete, is a progressively common technique of utilizing the rubble. As a matter of fact, in the UK in 2019 over 90% of demolition products consisting of concrete is currently being reused. And, the UK federal government is targeting his to rise still better, within the following 5 years.

The Stages of Concrete Recycling

1. Transportation as well as Acceptance at a Concrete Recycling Facility

Squashing facilities need great high quality debris to start with. They have guidelines on what they will approve from demolition websites, and they just approve unpolluted concrete.

If you mean to recycle your concrete make certain it is without basic rubbish, wood, paper as well as various other such products. Steels such as enhancing steel bars (rebar) are appropriate in the material.

2. Crushing as well as Sorting

Concrete aggregate gathered from demolition websites is executed an effective crushing machine.

The enhancing steel is launched and also eliminated with magnets after crushing. It is after that sorted into metal types, and also is generally sold to be thawed down for recycling somewhere else.

Various other sorting tools are made use of to eliminate percentages of unwanted contaminants. The staying aggregate chunks are arranged by dimension. Bigger portions may undergo the crusher again.

3. Grading

To sell the aggregate materials, the smashed concrete is more sieved over screens until heaps are developed of typical sized arrays for particles. Once graded, the accumulation is stored in stacks of the sizes which are defined by concrete mix-designers for usage in new concrete of a necessary stamina and also accumulation sizing.

It is then ready to be offered for casting right back into new concrete.

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Landfill Gas Powers US Air Force Mission - Secure 24/7 Biogas Energy Use...

Gases from Landfills

The Air Force's first landfill gas generators went into operation in 2006 at HILL AIR FORCE BASE, Utah.

The facility includes three generators and produces 2.3 megawatts of electricity per year.

The Air Force's second landfill gas generation facility opened in 2013 at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska.

It houses five generators and creates 7 megawatts of electricity per year, the highest-producing single renewable energy project in the Air Force.

The Air Force Civil Engineer Center's Energy Directorate Has studied the Air Force Civil Engineer Center's Energy Directorate Has studied more than 600 recorded Air Force landfills to search for similar opportunities.

It's now seven years since the commissioning of the 2nd landfill gas facility.

The successful project, along with one at Hill Air Force Base, Utah, has saved the Air Force millions of dollars in power bills.

It's this type of renewable energy that increases resiliency for the Air Force facility energy program because it operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Landfills generate methane gas for an average of 30 years.

Once it tapers off, engineers will supplement the plant with natural gas to continue power generation.

Source: Official United States Air Force Website 2014:
https://www.afcec.af.mil

Landfill gas is a complex mix of different gases created by the action of microorganisms within a landfill Natural gas (also called fossil gas) is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

Renewable Natural Gas (RNG), also known as Sustainable Natural Gas (SNG) or biomethane, is a biogas which has been upgraded to a quality similar to fossil natural gas and having a methane concentration of 90% or greater.

Article: https://landfill-gas.com/gases-from-landfills
Source: htttps://www.afcec.af.mil

Watch this video on YouTube here.

5 UK Waste Management Companies Most Likely to Empty Your Bin

The 5 UK Waste Management Companies Most Likely to Empty Your Bin

UK Waste Management Companies Listed for their top turnovers, making them the most likely to empty your bin.

The top 5 UK Waste Management Companies, by turnover (2016) are Veolia Environmental Services, Biffa Group, Suez Environment UK, Viridor, and FCC Environment. Now we will give you a short summary of what we found out about each of them.

1- Veolia Environmental Services

The UK leader in environmental solutions, Veolia provides a comprehensive range of waste, water and energy management services designed to build the circular economy and preserve scarce raw materials.

It employs 169,000 staff, has operations in 35 countries around the world, and generated revenues of almost €1.5 billion in 2015.

2 - Biffa Group

Biffa Group Limited is a leading UK waste management company headquartered in High Wycombe, United Kingdom.

It provides collection, recycling, treatment, disposal and technologically-driven energy generation services across four operating divisions. Biffa services over 2.5 million households, and collects 4.1 million bins per week within its municipal division, and has over 72,000 industrial and commercial customers.

It generated revenues of nearly €1 billion in 2015.

3 - Suez Environnement UK (previously known as SITA in the UK).

SUEZ is active on all five continents where it brings real-world solutions to local authorities, industry, consumers and agriculture for the efficient and sustainable management of their resources.

From its headquarters in Paris it trades in more than 70 countries around the world across in excess of 40 different brands.

Suez generated revenues of nearly €860 million in 2015.

4 - Viridor Waste Management

Viridor (from the Latin 'to become green') is a recycling, renewable energy and waste management company in the United Kingdom, owned by Pennon Group, a FTSE 250 plc focused on the water and waste management industries. It is based in Somerset, UK.

It generated revenues of nearly €800 million in 2015.

5 - FCC Environment (FCC)

FCC Environment (UK) Limited is a waste management company headquartered in Northampton, United Kingdom and a wholly owned subsidiary of Spanish company "Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas".

It was formed in 2012 through the merger and rebranding of Focsa Services and Waste Recycling Group.

The company provides a range of services, from collecting business and municipal waste to recycling and processing, and the generation of green energy from waste.

They have 36,000 employees.

We hope you found this quick summary of the top 5 UK waste management companies useful.

Our sources were Wikipedia, and each company website, and they were ranked based upon Statista data for the financial year 2015 to 2016.

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5 Construction Waste Recycling Methods Which Save Building Costs

Building Costs Can Be Saved 5 By Adopting These Construction Waste Recycling Methods

Here are 5 construction waste recycling methods through which sustainable builders achieve recycling and reuse of building waste in construction projects.

1 – Segregating timber waste on site and sale for re-use

Large timbers from older or unique structures can be salvaged and reused as structural elements in new buildings.

Lumber to be reused as a structural element, would need to be re-certified by a lumber inspector first.
Some firms offer certified lumber inspectors that can grade lumber for use on site.

2 – Storing reusable bricks and roof tiles from demolition phase, for use in later phases.

Many people prefer the beauty of old bricks and roof tiles for new construction.

There are monetary savings in doing this, as well as the satisfaction of performing an environmentally friendly act.

3 – Segregating metal waste on site

Metal waste is generally categorized into Ferrous and Non-ferrous types.

Prices paid do vary month by month.

but for iron scrap are in the range £100 and £150 per tonne.

The value of non-ferrous demolition materials at the gate of a metal scrap dealer varies between £400 and £3,600 per tonne.

4 – Segregating paper and cardboard waste and baling on site prior to disposal

Construction waste includes a high proportion of packaging waste, especially during the fit-out stage.

If this was sent to landfill it would cost over £100 per tonne in landfill disposal fees at the gate.

By sending it for recycling you are unlikely to be paid much, but will save the landfilling charges.

5 – Test Soil Using ‘CL:AIRE’ and if Satisfactory Avoid the Material Carted Off-Site Being Considered to be a Waste

Clean soil from excavation can be tested using ‘CL:AIRE’ methodology and then if satisfactory be dealt with as “Material Transfers to be reused on another site”.

That means that a sustainable alternative to disposing of waste in landfill sites is then possible.

There are many concepts for reuse and recycling of construction and demolition waste.

These were just 5!

For more recycling methods visit our blog at: https://wastersblog.com/cwr

The Gas Flare Secret Why Flaring is 34 Times Better Than Not Flaring

Gas Flares and Why They Reduce Climate Change.

The Gas Flare Secret Why Flaring is 34 Times Better Than Not Flaring

A gas flare, alternatively known as a flare stack, is a gas combustion device used in industrial plants such as petroleum refineries, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants as well as at oil or gas production sites having oil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigs and landfills.

Keep watching to learn why gas flares reduce climate change.

Flare stacks are primarily used for burning off unwanted flammable gas released by pressure relief valves, for the following reasons:

1 - Flare stacks are often used for the planned combustion of gases over relatively short periods such as when carrying out new gas plant start-ups.

2 - During unplanned over-pressuring of plant equipment, including emergency breakdown of equipment.

3 - During plant shutdowns, which are usually for equipment maintenance.

4 - In the case of landfill gas, flaring is done when the amount and quality of the landfill gas is too low for economic use.

5 - To reduce climate change.

Methane's estimated global warming potential is 34 times greater than that of Carbon Dioxide (CO2).

Therefore, to the extent that gas flares convert methane to CO2 before it is released into the atmosphere, they reduce the amount of global warming that would otherwise occur.

Source: Wikipedia "Gas Flare".

Visit https://landfill-gas.com/landfill-gas-flares for more info.

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